What adverse reactions are associated with the use of sulfonamides?

The choice identifying kidney damage and skin rash as adverse reactions associated with sulfonamides is correct because these are well-documented side effects of this class of medications. Sulfonamides can cause crystalluria, which may lead to kidney damage if not adequately hydrated, as the drugs can precipitate in the renal tubules. Additionally, skin rashes are common, ranging from mild reactions to severe conditions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, which requires immediate medical attention.

Skin irritation and rashes can be symptoms of various drug reactions, but they are not exclusive to sulfonamides and fail to highlight the significant risk of kidney damage. Hepatotoxicity and drowsiness are not primary concerns with sulfonamide use; these adverse reactions are more commonly associated with other drug categories. Nausea and vomiting can occur with many types of medications, including sulfonamides, but they do not represent the most critical issues associated with their use. Thus, the combination of kidney damage and skin rash directly reflects the known risks linked to sulfonamide therapies.