What is the major side effect associated with aminoglycosides?

The major side effect associated with aminoglycosides is ototoxicity, which refers to damage to the inner ear, leading to hearing loss or balance issues. Aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin and tobramycin, exert their antibacterial effects by binding to bacterial ribosomes and inhibiting protein synthesis. However, they can also exert toxicity to the sensory cells of the inner ear, particularly the hair cells, leading to conditions such as tinnitus, hearing loss, and vertigo. This effect is particularly significant because once hearing loss occurs, it can be irreversible.

While other side effects like nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) are also associated with aminoglycosides, ototoxicity is considered one of the most critical and prevalent side effects that can have a profound impact on a patient's quality of life. Thus, understanding the risks associated with the use of aminoglycosides is important for pharmacy technicians in monitoring and advising on the safe use of these medications.