What is the primary of action of N-acetylcysteine in treating acetaminophen toxicity?

N-acetylcysteine primarily acts by restoring glutathione levels in the liver, which is crucial in the management of acetaminophen toxicity. When acetaminophen is consumed in excessive amounts, it depletes the liver's stores of glutathione, leading to the accumulation of toxic metabolites that can damage liver cells. N-acetylcysteine serves as a precursor to glutathione; by providing cysteine, it facilitates the synthesis of this vital antioxidant, allowing the liver to detoxify harmful substances more effectively.

Restoring glutathione levels not only helps to neutralize the toxic metabolites of acetaminophen but also aids in preventing further liver damage. This mechanism underscores the importance of timely administration of N-acetylcysteine in cases of acetaminophen overdose, significantly improving patient outcomes and reducing the risk of acute liver failure.