Which cancer therapy minimizes damage to normal cells while targeting cancer cells?

Targeted therapy is designed specifically to minimize damage to normal cells while effectively targeting cancer cells. This approach utilizes drugs or other substances that interfere with specific molecules involved in the growth, progression, and spread of cancer. By focusing on the unique characteristics of cancer cells, such as certain genetic changes or proteins that distinguish them from normal cells, targeted therapy can selectively attack these cancer cells while leaving healthy cells relatively unharmed.

The other treatment options have broader effects on both cancerous and normal cells. Surgical therapy involves physically removing tumors, which can impact surrounding healthy tissue. Chemotherapy is systematic and aims to kill fast-growing cancer cells but often affects various normal tissues, leading to side effects. Immunotherapy enhances the body's immune response against cancer but may also stimulate immune activity that could affect healthy tissues. Thus, targeted therapy stands out for its precision and reduced collateral damage to normal cells.