Which of the following describes a common side effect of opioids like codeine?

Opioids, such as codeine, are known to have several side effects due to their action on the central nervous system. One of the most common side effects associated with opioid use is constipation. This occurs because opioids bind to specific receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to a decrease in gut motility. As a result, the movement of waste through the intestines slows down, which can result in harder stools and difficulty in passing them.

While sedation is also a potential side effect of opioids—making individuals feel drowsy or lethargic—constipation is reported more frequently and can vary in severity from mild discomfort to significant distress. Elevated energy levels would not typically be associated with opioid use, as they usually dampen activity levels. Dry mouth may also occur, but sedation and constipation remain the hallmark side effects, with constipation being particularly noteworthy due to its prevalence and the need for management strategies in patients using opioid medications.

This understanding is crucial in the context of patient care, where pharmacy technicians may need to provide guidance or recommendations to mitigate these effects when counseling patients.