Which of the following medications has improved absorption when taken with high-fat meals?

The correct answer is ketoconazole, which benefits from improved absorption when taken with high-fat meals. Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication that is poorly soluble in aqueous solutions. Consuming a high-fat meal increases the solubility of the drug, thereby enhancing its absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. This improved bioavailability can lead to more effective therapeutic outcomes, particularly in the treatment of fungal infections.

In contrast, phenytoin, lansoprazole, and simvastatin do not show the same level of enhancement in absorption with high-fat meals. Phenytoin's absorption is not significantly affected by the presence of fats. Lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, absorbs well regardless of dietary fats, and simvastatin is also not dependent on dietary fat for optimal absorption, making them less relevant in the context of this question.

Understanding the relationship between dietary fats and the absorption of certain medications is crucial for optimizing treatment effectiveness and ensuring patient compliance with medication regimens.