Which principle of ethics focuses on respecting the decisions and rights of patients?

The principle that emphasizes respecting the decisions and rights of patients is autonomy. Autonomy refers to the right of individuals to make choices about their own lives and bodies, including healthcare decisions. This principle is a foundational aspect of ethical practice in healthcare, ensuring that patients have the freedom to make informed decisions about their treatment options without coercion.

In practice, honoring a patient's autonomy means that healthcare professionals must provide all relevant information for patients to understand their healthcare options and the potential consequences of those options, allowing them to make choices that align with their values and preferences. This principle fosters a collaborative relationship between healthcare providers and patients, promoting mutual respect and trust.

Other principles mentioned, such as beneficence, focus on actions that promote the well-being of patients; non-maleficence emphasizes avoiding harm; and justice deals with fairness and equality in healthcare access and treatment. While these principles are also essential in promoting ethical healthcare, autonomy uniquely addresses the importance of respecting patient choices and rights directly.