Which types of drugs are known to worsen constipation?

Opioids and anticholinergic drugs are recognized for their ability to worsen constipation. Opioids, which are often prescribed for pain relief, interact with the body's gut receptors to slow down gastrointestinal motility. This results in longer transit times for stool, leading to increased water absorption from the stool and ultimately causing constipation.

Anticholinergic drugs, which are used to treat a variety of conditions such as allergies, motion sickness, and muscle spasms, block the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in stimulating gut motility. By inhibiting the actions of acetylcholine, these drugs can significantly decrease bowel movement frequency and contribute to constipation.

Understanding the mechanisms by which these drug classes affect bowel function is critical for managing potential side effects for patients who may already be at risk of constipation, ensuring that appropriate measures can be taken to mitigate this adverse effect. This is why opioids and anticholinergics are specifically highlighted as drugs that can exacerbate constipation.